不同耕作方式对坡耕旱地土壤环境及小麦产量的影响

在长期定位试验的基础上,研究分析了免耕覆盖与深松覆盖保护性耕作技术对降水贮蓄率、入渗、容重、养分、温度等土壤环境因子及小麦产量的影响,结果表明,这2项技术可提高土壤养分含量,增加土壤饱和导水率,减缓地表温度的日变化幅度,提高土壤对降水的利用率及小麦产量。增产最高可达18.89%与20.87%,但其应用效果年际间差异较大。免耕覆盖降水贮蓄率为34.8%~77.4%,深松覆盖为38.7%~75.0%;免耕覆盖的小麦水分利用效率为1.04~1.82 kg/m3,深松覆盖为1.07~1.77 kg/m3。     

大豆秸秆基保水剂对烟田土壤水分及烟草生长的影响

为了考察自制改性大豆秸秆基保水剂对旱区烟田土壤水分和烟草生长的影响,在南阳旱区烟田进行大田试验.设置4个不同保水剂用量处理,研究供试保水剂用量对烟田土壤水分、烟草农艺性状、产量、产值和主要物理性状的影响.结果表明:保水剂可以显著抑制土壤水分的流失,增强烟草的抗旱性,并且抑制作用随保水剂施用量的增加而增强;同时能改善土壤...     

等氮条件下不同施肥方式对水稻生长发育及产量的影响

在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站进行了长期定位试验,以研究在等量化肥氮条件下,NP、NPK、NPK+C(养分循环)等处理对水稻生长发育的影响.结果表明,等量化肥氮条件下配施NPK+C对水稻生长影响最为明显,各项指标均为最高,早稻和晚稻产量分别是CK的2.5倍与1.6倍左右.NP、NPK、NPK+C处理均可显著促进水稻生长...     

土壤与植物中的硫素营养研究进展

综述了土壤与植物硫素营养的近期研究进展,包括土壤中硫的转化;植物体中硫酸盐的吸收途径;植物的缺硫症状;硫素对植物生理功能的影响;硫与植物其他营养元素的互作关系等。以期为硫素研究提供参考。     

喀斯特土壤种子库研究进展

对喀斯特土壤种子库的形成分布、组成和大小、分类方法、研究方法进行了系统的分析,并阐述了土壤种子库与地上植被的关系、土壤种子库的时间动态及研究土壤种子库的意义。     

Inheritance and QTL analysis of dough rheological parameters in wheat

A RIL population from two Australian wheats, Lang and CSCR6, was employed to evaluate the genetic variation and to detect QTL associated with dough rheological characters based on DArT and SSR markers and two environmental experiments. It was showed that the higher variation existed in the RIL for dough rheological characters, and so did much more abundant selection potentials that lacked in Chinese current commercial varieties. Nine additive QTLs for dough rheological characters were identified. Of which those for water absorption (WA) were located on chromosome 2A and 5A, stability time (ST) on 4B and 1B, breaking time (BT) on 1B, degree of softening (DS) on 1B, band width (BW) on 2B (two loci), evaluation value (EV) on 1B. And seven epistatic QTLs were screened out, and non-significant variance was found for the interaction between these epistatic QTLs and the environment. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive relation between WA and development time (DT), and EV, whereas negatively related to BW. A significantly positive relation existed between DT, ST, BT and EV each other. They were negatively related to mixing tolerance index (MTI) and degree of softening (DS), both had a markedly positive relation.     

普通草鱼与脆化草鱼的肌肉特性比较

以9尾体重为（1 295.7±37.2）g的普通草鱼和9尾体重为（706.8±6.5）g脆化草鱼（脆肉鲩）为实验对象,对其肌肉理化及质构特性进行比较研究。结果显示：脆化草鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量高于普通草鱼（P<0.05）,粗脂肪和铁含量比普通草鱼低（P<0.05）,二者肌肉水分、粗灰分及钙、铬含量无显著差异;脆化草鱼肌肉pH、肌纤维密度和胶原蛋白含量均大于普通草鱼（P<0.05）;脆化草鱼在2 h和4 h的肌肉滴水损失低于普通草鱼（P<0.05）,但8 h后差别不大;脆化草鱼肌肉硬度和咀嚼力均比普通草鱼高（P<0.05）。对肉质性状指标分析表明,在一定范围内,肌纤维密度、pH、胶原蛋白有提高肉质品质的作用趋势;肌肉脂肪含量与肌肉硬度,肌纤维密度与肌肉滴水损失之间均呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。     

武夷山常绿阔叶林土壤有机碳和微生物量碳的动态特征

为了探讨常绿阔叶林关键区域土壤碳循环规律,在2010-2011年间,以武夷山常绿阔叶林不同土层土壤为对象,研究土壤微生物量碳（MBC）和土壤有机碳（SOC）的季节变化特征及剖面分布;分析森林土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳、土壤微生物熵（qMB）的关系及其影响因素。结果表明,常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳含量的变化表现为：夏季、秋季较高,春季、冬季较低;而土壤有机碳含量的季节变化不明显。土壤微生物量碳和土壤有机碳在G1（0~10 cm）表层土壤含量明显高于G2（10~20 cm）和G3（20~30 cm）,差异显著;而G2、G3土层之间差异不显著,但表现为自上向下显著递减的趋势;土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳、土壤微生物熵含量均表现出显著相关性（P<0.01）。研究表明,表层土壤有机碳的累积量较高,土壤有机碳的积累对土壤微生物量碳具有重要的影响。     

雷竹林连续3年施荣宝土壤消毒剂对雷笋产量及土壤性状的影响

为了提高雷竹林雷笋产量以及控制土壤障碍因子的发生,经连续3年施荣宝土壤消毒剂对雷竹产量及土壤性状影响的对比试验,结果表明：施荣宝土壤消毒剂600 kg/hm2结合施45%复合肥900 kg/hm2,比不施荣宝土壤消毒剂对照区（施45%复合肥900 kg/hm2）平均提高雷竹产量30.1%。通过施荣宝土壤消毒剂后的农田pH值比对照区提高,达到了显著性差异水平（P<0.05）;交换性酸含量在施荣宝土壤消毒剂后,比对照区有明显降低,达到显著性差异水平。施荣宝土壤消毒剂雷竹林土壤细菌与对照区相比,对照区雷竹林土壤有18种细菌,施荣宝处理之后细菌绝灭。表明施荣宝土壤消毒具有灭菌效果,有效降低了土传病的危害,提高了雷竹成竹率。     

Effect of a gibberellin-biosynthesis inhibitor treatment on the physicochemical properties of sorghum starch

Inhibition of plant growth by Trinexapac-ethyl, TE, a gibberellin-biosynthesis inhibitor, can produce a shorter stemmed plant, requiring less nutrients and water to grow, while maintaining grain yield. Although TE and other plant growth regulators are commonly used in grain crops, their effects on starch biosynthesis in the grains have not been systematically examined. The changes in the structural and functional properties of starch in grains harvested from TE-treated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were examined, and the results compared with those from the untreated controls. TE treatment had little or no effects on the molecular structures of starch, starch granule morphology, and starch and amylose contents, but increased the protein content of the grains significantly. Consistent with the lack of change in the molecular structure, there were no significant effects on the thermal properties of the starch. The pasting properties of TE-treated sorghum flours, however, showed lower peak viscosity, trough, and final viscosity, which were attributed to their higher protein contents. The TE treatment thus does not have an appreciable effect on the biosynthesis of starch during grain development in sorghum.